Navigating
FEMA
Navigating federal assistance programs after a disaster can be complex, but these resources are critical to effective recovery. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) plays a central role in disaster response and recovery, providing support to individuals, households, and communities affected by federally declared disasters. Understanding how FEMA and related programs operate can help ensure timely access to available assistance when it is needed most.
Damaged possessions practically obscured a home in Harkers Island, Carteret County. Photo by Liz Roll/FEMA
ABOUT FEMA
FEMA’s mission focuses on supporting communities throughout all phases of a disaster, from preparedness to long-term recovery.
A key priority of the agency is to strengthen community resilience to both natural and human-caused disasters.
FEMA leads disaster response and recovery efforts during emergencies and major disaster declarations.
Established in 1979 by executive order under President Jimmy Carter, FEMA now operates within the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
FEMA Assistance Programs
The Individuals and Household Program - Disaster Assistance
SBA Disaster Loan
Other FEMA Assistance Programs
What does it cover? Basic needs and recovery following a federally declared disaster, including temporary housing, home repairs, hazard mitigation assistance, or coverage for other essential needs not met by insurance.
Who is eligible? Assistance through FEMA is only available for disasters that receive a federal declaration. Additional recipient requirements may apply. Visit FEMA’s website to check your availability.
What is the application process?
Document damages with photographs and compile a list of all affected items prior to submitting an application for FEMA assistance.
File an insurance claim as soon as possible, as FEMA assistance only applies to needs not already covered by insurance.
Submit an application for disaster assistance online at DisasterAssistance.gov, through the FEMA mobile app, or by phone at 800-621-3362
FEMA may schedule a home inspection to assess the reported damage.
FEMA will determine eligibility for financial assistance and the amount to be awarded.
If direct federal assistance is not received, disaster loans through the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) may be another option. SBA disaster assistance loans are available to individuals and entities located in areas with a federal disaster declaration. Depending on the type of loan, additional eligibility requirements may apply.
Homeowners, renters, businesses of all sizes, and private nonprofit organizations may be eligible to apply. SBA offers four main types of disaster assistance loans:
Applications must be submitted online through the SBA disaster assistance portal, where eligibility is also determined prior to completing the application.
Additional forms of assistance are also available through FEMA and may be beneficial depending on the specific challenges or needs resulting from the disaster. FEMA may also introduce new grant or loan programs in response to particular events, so it is important to check back regularly for updates.